Which plumbing fitting is used to change the direction of pipe flow?

The elbow fitting is specifically designed to change the direction of pipe flow. It allows for a seamless transition from one pipe segment to another, typically at a 90-degree or 45-degree angle. This is essential in plumbing systems, as it enables the piping to navigate around corners and obstacles, ensuring that the flow of water or other fluids continues efficiently.

In contrast, other fittings like the tee are used to combine or split flows, a coupling is utilized to connect two lengths of pipe in a straight line, and a reducer is meant to connect pipes of different diameters, thereby reducing the size of the flow. While all these fittings serve important roles in a plumbing system, the elbow's primary function is to redirect the flow of fluids effectively.